How Many Faraid Are There For Wudhu

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Quranic basis Surah al-Ma'idah 5:6 says: "O you who have believed, when you rise to prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows, wipe over your heads, and wash your feet to the ankles." The Hanafi jurists derive the four fara'id directly from this verse. The four fara'id and their Hanafi sources Washing the face (ghasl al-wajh). The face is washed once, from the normal hairline to the bottom of the chin, and from ear to ear. Al-Marghinani, al-Hidayah, Kitab al-Taharah, explains the limits of the face. Al-Kasani, Bada'i' al-Sana'i', vol. 1, discusses why the washing of the face is fard. Washing the hands and forearms to the elbows (ghasl al-yadayn ila al-mirfaqayn). The elbows are included in the washing. Al-Marghinani, al-Hidayah, and al-Kasani, Bada'i', both treat this as fard. Wiping a quarter of the head (mash al-rub' al-ra's). Hanafis hold that at least a quarter of the head must be wiped, which is about the area of three fingers. Al-Marghinani, al-Hidayah, and Ibn 'Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar, vol. 1, discuss the quarter measure. Ibn 'Abidin notes that wiping a quarter is the minimum, and that the wiping is done with wet hands, not with a new water. Washing the feet to the ankles (ghasl al-rijlayn ila al-kA'bayn). The ankles are included. Al-Marghinani, al-Hidayah, and al-Kasani, Bada'i', treat this as fard. Acts Hanafis do not count as fard Rinsing the mouth (madmadah) and nose (istinshaq) are wajib according to Abu Hanifah and sunnah according to his companions, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad. Wiping the ears is sunnah. Keeping the order of the acts is sunnah. Al-Marghinani, al-Hidayah, and al-Kasani, Bada'i', both discuss these distinctions.

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